Tropical South Atlantic Index

Data is from ERSSTv4.

January February March April May June July August September October November December
1870 0.243 -0.051 -0.607 -0.488 -0.342 0.045 0.141 0.070 -1.332 -1.195 -0.382 -0.389
1871 -0.487 -0.161 -0.167 0.032 0.258 0.505 0.411 0.120 0.068 0.115 -0.082 0.191
1872 0.153 -0.051 -0.127 -0.128 -0.152 -0.065 -0.049 0.310 0.128 0.275 0.548 0.491
1873 0.633 -0.131 0.153 0.322 -0.602 -0.625 0.391 0.340 0.258 0.305 0.308 -0.239
1874 -0.957 -0.191 -0.577 -0.878 -0.712 -0.265 -0.289 -0.220 -0.612 -0.355 -0.362 -0.439
1875 0.283 0.629 0.423 0.432 0.538 0.035 -0.049 0.050 0.918 1.255 0.538 0.461
1876 0.203 0.109 -0.087 -0.068 0.338 0.435 0.021 0.270 0.058 0.165 -1.452 -1.389
1877 -0.637 0.319 -0.187 -0.058 -0.312 -0.475 0.751 0.500 0.508 0.345 -0.332 0.341
1878 -0.297 -0.141 0.533 0.092 -0.102 -0.965 -0.969 -0.590 -0.132 0.355 0.718 -0.379
1879 -1.137 -1.031 -0.987 -0.778 -0.742 -0.665 -0.709 -0.560 -0.672 0.075 0.408 0.591
1880 0.143 -0.261 -0.667 -0.838 -0.642 -1.275 -0.949 -0.100 -0.302 -0.565 -0.752 -0.339
1881 -0.397 0.509 0.153 -0.108 -0.032 -0.115 -0.059 -0.350 -0.312 -0.425 -1.112 -0.759
1882 -0.527 -0.891 -0.097 -0.228 -0.572 -0.455 -0.179 -0.220 -0.252 -0.235 -0.262 -0.329
1883 -0.327 -0.401 -0.137 -0.168 -0.242 0.015 -0.049 -0.130 -0.252 -0.235 -0.092 -0.339
1884 0.093 -0.101 -0.217 -0.188 -0.172 -0.115 -0.239 -0.620 -0.482 -0.575 -0.582 -0.439
1885 -0.447 -0.211 -0.227 -0.128 -0.122 -1.135 0.151 -0.030 -0.142 0.075 -0.102 -0.199
1886 -0.087 -0.011 0.093 0.232 0.238 0.155 0.271 0.030 -0.182 -0.135 -0.182 -0.379
1887 -0.767 -0.701 -0.547 -0.538 -0.452 -0.445 -0.349 -0.350 -0.432 -0.605 -0.682 -0.819
1888 -0.807 -1.041 -0.907 -0.788 -0.712 -0.845 -0.929 -0.660 -0.632 -0.545 -0.232 0.001
1889 0.083 -0.071 0.023 0.262 0.258 0.135 0.101 0.100 0.038 0.235 0.298 0.351
1890 0.263 -0.061 -0.437 -0.298 -0.392 -0.355 -0.329 -0.590 -0.532 -0.545 -0.502 -0.379
1891 -0.407 -0.321 -0.427 -0.308 -0.292 -0.175 -0.269 -0.320 -0.702 -0.355 -0.262 -0.349
1892 -0.167 -0.011 -0.317 -0.818 -1.042 -0.915 -0.819 -0.630 -0.402 -0.205 -0.472 -0.509
1893 -0.747 -0.861 -0.897 -0.748 -0.592 -0.105 -0.159 -0.210 -0.212 -0.155 -0.302 -0.419
1894 -0.337 -0.261 -0.357 -0.428 -0.382 -0.325 -0.399 -0.320 -0.422 -0.305 -0.032 0.081
1895 0.063 0.059 -0.117 -0.168 -0.152 -0.195 -0.189 0.020 0.148 0.185 0.058 -0.129
1896 -0.067 -0.051 0.023 -0.048 -0.222 -0.275 -0.149 -0.430 -0.242 -0.195 -0.042 0.051
1897 0.103 0.139 0.273 0.362 0.128 -0.095 0.201 -0.130 -0.362 -0.525 -0.592 -0.569
1898 -0.647 -0.791 -0.937 -0.788 -0.662 -0.605 -0.669 -0.490 -0.482 -0.435 -0.172 -0.119
1899 -0.177 -0.131 -0.257 -0.368 -0.182 0.105 0.071 0.240 0.298 0.215 -0.082 -0.479
1900 0.143 -0.261 -0.667 -0.838 -0.642 -1.275 -0.949 -0.100 -0.302 -0.565 -0.752 -0.339
1901 -0.027 -0.241 -0.207 -0.218 -0.252 -0.195 -0.159 -0.190 -0.282 -0.285 -0.352 -0.419
1902 -0.617 -0.441 -0.407 -0.338 -0.432 -0.315 -0.479 -0.470 -0.622 -0.595 -0.542 -0.459
1903 -0.747 -0.971 -0.977 -1.008 -0.982 -0.735 -0.949 -0.990 -0.952 -0.865 -1.132 -1.189
1904 -1.247 -1.351 -1.077 -1.068 -0.982 -0.975 -0.999 -0.980 -0.962 -1.055 -0.842 -0.819
1905 -0.907 -0.881 -0.957 -0.838 -0.722 -0.735 -0.679 -0.690 -0.662 -0.495 -0.372 -0.499
1906 -0.567 -0.631 -0.597 -0.608 -0.822 -0.825 -0.799 -0.990 -0.892 -0.945 -0.812 -0.839
1907 -0.787 -0.751 -0.437 -0.508 -0.642 -0.775 -0.739 -0.460 -0.602 -0.535 -0.662 -0.829
1908 -1.097 -1.131 -1.207 -1.258 -1.052 -1.095 -0.949 -0.820 -0.722 -0.845 -0.862 -0.839
1909 -0.857 -0.921 -0.867 -0.658 -0.532 -0.495 -0.569 -0.540 -0.442 -0.385 -0.592 -0.479
1910 -0.527 -0.341 -0.447 -0.288 -0.102 0.025 -0.119 -0.330 -0.262 -0.455 -0.502 -0.809
1911 -0.917 -1.001 -1.077 -1.068 -0.942 -0.685 -0.709 -0.740 -0.622 -0.545 -0.282 0.051
1912 0.043 -0.111 -0.017 0.002 -0.122 -0.035 -0.319 -0.310 -0.352 -0.445 -0.402 -0.439
1913 -0.377 -0.231 -0.097 -0.078 0.218 0.225 0.161 0.200 0.108 0.055 -0.112 -0.279
1914 -0.197 -0.371 -0.377 -0.398 -0.412 -0.495 -0.459 -0.300 0.008 0.005 0.018 -0.039
1915 -0.487 -0.321 -0.257 -0.358 -0.462 -0.365 -0.289 -0.980 -0.722 -0.255 -0.162 -0.099
1916 -0.167 0.089 -0.157 -0.188 -0.352 -0.485 -0.799 -0.510 -0.462 -0.305 -0.532 -0.719
1917 -0.777 -0.501 0.003 0.222 -0.132 0.105 0.371 0.320 -0.082 -0.175 -0.182 -0.269
1918 -0.527 -0.381 -0.267 -0.258 -0.362 -0.395 -0.589 -0.560 -0.282 -0.125 -0.192 -0.489
1919 -0.397 -0.761 -1.287 -0.958 -0.792 -0.465 -0.559 -0.370 -0.492 -0.285 -0.142 -0.369
1920 0.003 0.169 0.203 -0.158 -0.312 -0.275 -0.109 -0.290 -0.062 0.095 0.188 0.151
1921 0.173 0.189 0.093 0.102 0.018 0.095 0.081 0.050 -0.042 -0.095 -0.202 -0.309
1922 -0.397 -0.481 -0.267 -0.278 -0.312 -0.365 -0.309 -0.180 -0.232 -0.325 -0.422 -0.109
1923 -0.387 -0.561 -0.557 -0.458 -0.522 -0.355 -0.359 -0.260 -0.192 -0.115 0.208 0.491
1924 0.733 0.619 0.423 0.342 0.188 -0.015 0.061 -0.130 -0.182 -0.285 -0.462 -0.539
1925 -0.507 -0.461 -0.187 -0.068 0.108 0.065 0.041 0.050 -0.162 0.105 0.098 0.071
1926 0.183 0.239 0.293 0.192 0.008 0.155 0.061 0.120 -0.002 0.055 -0.192 -0.199
1927 -0.187 -0.221 -0.217 -0.188 -0.202 -0.175 -0.299 -0.180 -0.092 -0.055 -0.072 -0.089
1928 -0.327 -0.361 -0.437 -0.338 -0.092 -0.055 -0.159 -0.230 -0.292 -0.245 -0.222 -0.339
1929 -0.297 -0.381 -0.457 -0.398 -0.472 -0.515 -0.469 -0.270 -0.482 -0.395 -0.242 -0.439
1930 -0.587 -0.641 -0.567 -0.368 -0.302 -0.305 -0.319 -0.360 -0.272 -0.145 -0.122 -0.229
1931 -0.257 -0.021 0.183 -0.118 -0.042 -0.045 -0.179 -0.330 -0.262 -0.275 -0.372 -0.319
1932 -0.497 -0.621 -0.747 -0.468 -0.322 -0.495 -0.519 -0.330 -0.512 -0.545 -0.322 -0.109
1933 -0.067 -0.001 0.063 -0.088 0.008 -0.125 -0.349 -0.350 -0.312 -0.185 -0.272 -0.129
1934 -0.107 -0.101 0.013 0.182 0.308 0.415 0.311 0.270 0.398 0.275 0.278 0.251
1935 0.163 0.169 0.063 0.042 0.048 -0.015 -0.029 -0.050 0.098 0.165 0.038 0.071
1936 -0.047 -0.311 -0.477 -0.418 -0.522 -0.735 -0.519 -0.430 -0.222 -0.185 -0.172 -0.169
1937 0.033 0.099 0.273 0.252 0.358 0.225 0.101 0.180 0.148 0.085 0.038 0.041
1938 -0.117 -0.081 -0.107 -0.148 -0.142 -0.025 0.161 0.040 -0.002 -0.085 -0.192 -0.319
1939 -0.387 -0.401 -0.277 -0.068 -0.022 0.215 0.231 0.210 0.148 -0.115 -0.082 0.161
1940 0.403 0.539 0.193 0.092 0.048 -0.135 0.081 0.350 0.358 0.285 0.308 0.131
1941 0.503 0.469 0.223 0.062 0.168 0.245 0.311 0.390 0.268 0.415 0.318 0.201
1942 0.063 -0.161 0.123 0.022 -0.362 -0.295 -0.089 0.060 0.138 0.015 -0.162 -0.079
1943 0.173 -0.401 -0.387 -0.438 -0.192 -0.145 0.501 -0.170 -0.372 -0.415 -0.202 0.051
1944 0.213 0.859 1.233 0.932 0.888 0.515 0.451 0.630 0.518 0.525 0.318 0.331
1945 0.603 0.399 0.413 0.902 1.068 0.695 0.621 0.470 0.348 0.605 0.358 0.121
1946 0.073 0.119 0.043 -0.768 -0.702 -0.385 -0.159 -0.360 -0.312 -0.205 -0.002 0.161
1947 0.193 0.029 -0.107 0.032 0.018 -0.055 -0.119 -0.090 -0.172 -0.075 0.058 0.021
1948 -0.067 -0.071 -0.067 -0.178 -0.212 -0.355 -0.449 -0.330 -0.252 -0.185 -0.212 -0.039
1949 -0.077 0.129 0.223 0.412 0.218 0.125 0.111 0.140 0.188 0.075 -0.012 -0.109
1950 0.093 0.229 0.263 -0.068 -0.232 -0.225 -0.139 -0.180 -0.232 -0.345 -0.272 -0.609
1951 -0.597 -0.471 -0.397 -0.288 -0.232 -0.265 -0.109 -0.010 0.158 0.045 -0.112 -0.009
1952 0.193 0.239 0.123 0.022 -0.092 0.075 0.001 -0.030 -0.022 -0.045 0.078 0.081
1953 -0.007 -0.101 -0.007 -0.048 0.048 0.075 -0.009 -0.040 0.128 0.145 -0.042 -0.299
1954 -0.297 -0.341 -0.257 -0.208 -0.372 -0.405 -0.479 -0.380 -0.202 -0.025 -0.052 -0.179
1955 -0.347 -0.431 -0.397 -0.368 -0.162 -0.115 -0.179 -0.280 -0.222 -0.205 -0.022 -0.299
1956 -0.207 -0.371 -0.417 -0.438 -0.092 -0.135 -0.189 -0.130 -0.072 -0.245 -0.292 -0.339
1957 -0.277 0.079 0.093 0.022 0.048 0.055 -0.159 -0.090 -0.212 -0.235 -0.152 -0.069
1958 0.003 0.049 -0.247 -0.388 -0.622 -0.495 -0.339 -0.350 -0.352 -0.255 -0.082 0.251
1959 0.303 0.279 0.443 0.482 0.038 -0.055 -0.079 -0.040 0.008 0.045 -0.022 -0.079
1960 -0.187 -0.161 0.073 -0.018 0.058 -0.025 0.171 0.110 0.038 -0.025 0.018 0.021
1961 -0.047 -0.111 0.043 -0.028 0.168 0.055 -0.009 0.030 0.188 0.065 0.098 0.071
1962 0.163 0.059 0.133 0.232 0.338 0.255 0.031 0.050 0.068 0.145 0.208 0.181
1963 0.163 0.269 0.403 0.442 0.598 0.515 0.421 0.410 0.328 0.275 0.458 0.611
1964 0.513 0.319 0.373 0.112 -0.022 0.055 0.001 -0.020 -0.262 -0.425 -0.392 -0.439
1965 -0.187 0.249 0.403 0.392 0.338 0.125 -0.069 0.030 0.148 0.045 -0.052 0.031
1966 0.073 -0.031 -0.087 0.232 0.248 0.505 0.261 0.050 0.038 0.005 0.278 0.731
1967 0.433 0.449 0.103 0.042 -0.062 -0.355 -0.319 -0.250 -0.112 -0.415 -0.192 0.051
1968 0.163 -0.081 -0.057 0.182 0.038 -0.125 -0.009 0.150 0.258 0.375 0.488 0.431
1969 0.343 0.649 0.613 0.532 0.318 0.075 0.031 0.070 0.118 0.085 0.178 0.011
1970 -0.107 -0.051 0.003 -0.088 -0.012 -0.155 -0.099 -0.070 -0.032 -0.125 0.028 0.051
1971 0.303 0.389 0.203 0.312 0.388 0.255 -0.059 -0.030 0.018 -0.195 -0.392 -0.429
1972 0.263 0.319 0.243 0.202 0.208 0.355 0.391 0.470 0.488 0.575 0.678 0.991
1973 1.043 0.989 0.863 0.962 0.978 0.925 0.931 0.770 0.838 0.725 0.698 0.591
1974 0.493 0.289 0.293 0.472 0.678 0.535 0.561 0.570 0.378 0.305 0.428 0.301
1975 0.143 0.169 0.203 0.122 0.228 0.445 0.251 0.140 0.028 0.025 0.078 -0.079
1976 -0.137 -0.071 -0.227 -0.328 -0.292 -0.285 -0.339 -0.160 -0.042 -0.045 -0.022 0.091
1977 0.133 0.319 0.253 0.182 0.178 0.195 0.181 0.250 0.238 0.215 0.168 0.051
1978 0.013 0.009 -0.157 -0.398 -0.242 -0.035 0.201 0.150 -0.012 -0.095 -0.002 0.161
1979 0.193 0.079 -0.057 0.172 0.308 0.355 0.351 0.340 0.438 0.295 0.258 0.231
1980 0.103 0.059 0.123 0.282 0.248 0.155 0.231 0.280 0.358 0.165 0.128 -0.119
1981 0.143 -0.261 -0.667 -0.838 -0.642 -1.275 -0.949 -0.100 -0.302 -0.565 -0.752 -0.339
1982 0.103 0.069 -0.037 -0.088 -0.252 -0.035 -0.009 -0.200 0.048 0.145 0.128 0.231
1983 0.633 0.599 0.173 0.152 0.068 0.065 0.031 0.270 0.308 0.185 0.358 0.541
1984 0.813 0.909 0.943 0.642 0.498 0.875 0.801 0.990 0.978 0.715 0.468 0.521
1985 0.473 0.579 0.353 0.352 0.428 0.375 0.421 0.400 0.438 0.525 0.448 0.441
1986 0.473 0.679 0.663 0.492 0.568 0.675 0.451 0.480 0.438 0.295 0.208 0.331
1987 0.283 0.459 0.473 0.572 0.698 0.795 0.801 0.760 0.568 0.785 0.918 0.661
1988 0.833 0.899 0.923 0.712 0.948 0.835 0.711 0.720 0.528 0.575 0.538 0.601
1989 0.753 0.519 0.573 0.552 0.568 0.595 0.591 0.710 0.588 0.595 0.358 0.101
1990 0.013 0.379 0.513 0.752 0.448 0.615 0.421 0.240 0.328 0.475 0.568 0.571
1991 0.353 0.329 0.383 0.562 0.618 0.685 0.451 0.270 0.258 0.065 0.018 0.231
1992 0.113 0.099 -0.027 0.012 -0.022 0.025 -0.059 -0.090 0.008 -0.045 -0.092 0.061
1993 0.203 0.279 0.443 0.532 0.368 0.315 0.461 0.380 0.748 0.845 0.928 0.741
1994 0.463 0.389 0.443 0.352 0.438 0.355 0.111 0.240 0.288 0.355 0.468 0.491
1995 0.603 0.799 0.893 0.832 0.728 0.765 0.481 0.330 0.238 0.265 0.348 0.331
1996 0.403 0.649 0.623 0.762 0.708 0.705 0.571 0.440 0.288 0.275 0.158 0.051
1997 -0.087 -0.231 -0.467 -0.398 -0.312 -0.155 0.121 0.230 0.368 0.705 0.868 1.031
1998 0.963 0.819 0.723 0.692 0.728 0.855 0.901 0.730 0.518 0.415 0.418 0.391
1999 0.333 0.369 0.523 0.692 0.588 0.555 0.741 0.660 0.548 0.465 0.558 0.671
2000 0.103 0.059 0.123 0.282 0.248 0.155 0.231 0.280 0.358 0.165 0.128 -0.119
2001 0.533 0.509 0.503 0.712 0.788 0.765 0.481 0.380 0.258 0.385 0.458 0.371
2002 0.283 0.239 0.523 0.622 0.738 0.705 0.611 0.510 0.398 0.495 0.468 0.711
2003 0.823 0.999 0.943 0.802 0.708 0.645 0.751 0.910 0.768 0.855 0.818 0.971
2004 0.613 0.349 0.203 0.092 0.258 0.415 0.511 0.610 0.618 0.485 0.588 0.651
2005 0.763 0.779 0.733 0.552 0.308 0.295 0.301 0.390 0.428 0.535 0.488 0.451
2006 0.433 0.509 0.643 0.672 0.578 0.635 0.611 0.660 0.628 0.555 0.528 0.631
2007 0.663 0.549 0.433 0.572 0.658 0.645 0.621 0.570 0.488 0.385 0.418 0.481
2008 0.543 0.669 0.733 0.872 0.928 0.865 0.791 0.780 0.678 0.535 0.498 0.661
2009 0.593 0.569 0.733 0.822 0.858 0.755 0.771 0.720 0.788 0.805 0.798 1.051
2010 1.203 1.079 1.143 1.002 1.028 1.045 0.781 0.730 0.598 0.645 0.618 0.631
2011 0.663 0.869 0.943 0.842 0.668 0.485 0.521 0.510 0.458 0.425 0.138 -0.059
2012 -0.037 -0.091 0.193 0.282 0.298 0.355 0.401 0.360 0.318 0.255 0.378 0.591
2013 0.693 0.479 0.543 0.572 0.668 0.675 0.531 0.630 0.468 0.375 0.358 0.471
2014 0.563 0.739 0.613 0.672 0.768 0.745 0.511 0.640 0.548 0.475 0.448 0.421
2015 0.753 0.799 0.683 0.702 0.768 0.715 0.501 0.300 0.338 0.565 0.718 1.041
2016 1.033 0.989 1.683 0.852 0.798 0.945 0.981 1.040 0.728 0.745 0.558

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